[6] Abdullah died, but Hussein survived the assassination attempt and, according to witnesses, pursued the assassin. [68] In Israel, Shimon Peres of the leftist Labor Party and Benjamin Netanyahu of the right-wing Likud party, were competing for the post of prime minister. [29] One such reprisal was the Samu Incident, an attack launched by Israel on 13 November 1966 on the Jordanian-controlled West Bank town of As-Samu after three Israeli soldiers were killed by a Fatah landmine. Maybe others could, others who were distant, who were not equally aware or involved. "[80] Hussein returned and publicly criticized his brother Hassan's management of Jordanian internal affairs. [24] Sadiq Al-Shar'a, an army general who accompanied Hussein to the United States, was found to have been plotting a coup against the monarchy. [52] The relationship between Hussein and Saddam became very close – Hussein visited Baghdad 61 times between 1980 and 1990,[52] and Saddam used Hussein to relay messages to several countries, including the US and Britain. [67] The treaty was a culmination of over 58 secret meetings over 31 years between Hussein and Israeli leaders. [82] On 4 February it was reported that Hussein had suffered internal organ failure, and was in critical condition. "[90] He turned the Kingdom from a backwater divided polity into a reasonably stable well-governed modern state. "[32] Hussein travelled to Cairo on 30 May 1967 and hastily signed an Egyptian-Jordanian mutual defense treaty, returning home to cheering crowds. [10] Jordan then found itself in the middle of Cold War tensions. If there are any worries it is Jordan that should be worried. It is not to be confused with. [27] The first direct contacts between Jordan and Israel started in early 1960s; Hussein had a Jewish doctor named Emmanuel Herbert who acted as intermediary between the two nations during Hussein's visits to London. [70] On 9 March 1997 Hussein sent Netanyahu a three-page letter expressing his disappointment. Riot police were stationed along the nine-mile-long route to try to hold back the crowds who scrambled for a glimpse of the coffin. [14] Nabulsi wanted to move Jordan closer to Nasser's regime, but Hussein wanted it to stay in the Western camp. [68] A month later, the CIA sent Hussein another report warning Jordan of Iraqi plots to attack Western targets in Jordan to undermine Jordan's security due to its support for the Iraqi opposition. [84] Khaled Mashal was also in the same room as the Mossad leaders who had tried to assassinate him just two years earlier. [2] He proceeded to Harrow School in England, where he befriended his second cousin Faisal II of Iraq, who was also studying there. I really did not know how much more Hussein could take. [52] Jordan announced a $1.3 billion five-year development plan for the West Bank, in a bid to enhance its image in the West Bank residents at the expense of the PLO. "[54] US Secretary of State George P. Shultz set up a peace process that became known as the Scultz Initiative. [59], Despite the fact that the protests were triggered by a troubling economic situation, the crowds' demands became political. [100] His call sign was JY1, which inspired the name for Jordan's first cube-sat. [53] After reaching an agreement between Hussein and Peres on establishing an international peace conference, Shamir and the rest of the ministers in his cabinet rejected the proposal. [90] The moves impeded Jordan's path towards democracy that had started in 1956 and resumed in 1989.[90]. [62] Saddam's invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 led six months later to international intervention to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait in what became known as the Gulf War. [21], The Lebanese, pro-Western government of Camille Chamoun was also threatened to be toppled by growing UAR-supported domestic opposition groups. "[86] Hussein was succeeded as king by his eldest son, Abdullah II. Please Subscribe Our Channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj8_3y7An4UicIBgTX4OEuQ Please Like & Share Jordan’s Crown Prince Hussein is next in line to the throne and won the hearts of royal enthusiasts all over the world when he gave Britain’s Prince William in July 2018 a personal tour of the city of Jerash. [32] Perception of King Hussein's efforts to come to peaceful terms with Israel led to great dissatisfaction among some Arab leaders. [103][104], "King Hussein" redirects here. [65] The 28-member delegation consisted of 14 Jordanians and 14 Palestinians. [54] In a meeting in November 1988 the PLO accepted all United Nations resolutions and agreed to recognize Israel. [14] The parliamentary election held on 21 October 1956 saw the National Socialist Party emerge as the largest party, winning 12 seats out of 40 in the House of Representatives. [10] Saudi Arabia found common ground with Egypt in their suspicions of the Hashemites, both in Jordan and in Iraq. [53], On 9 December 1987 an Israeli truck driver ran over four Palestinians in a Gaza refugee camp, sparking unrest that spread to violent demonstrations in the West Bank. [35] The Egyptian army commander in Cairo transmitted to General Riad that the Israeli strike had failed, and that Israel's Air Force was almost wiped out. [65] The end of the Gulf War coincided with the end of the Cold War. [63] Hussein's brother, Crown Prince Hassan, also disagreed with Hussein, but the King refused to recognize Saddam's wrongdoings. [54] Adnan Abu Oudeh, a Palestinian descendant who was Hussein's political advisor, Prime Minister Zaid Al-Rifai, army chief of staff Zaid ibn Shaker, Royal Court chief Marwan Kasim, and mukhabarat director Tariq Alaeddin, helped the King prepare West Bank disengagement plans. [63] But Western pundits viewed Hussein's actions as impulsive and emotional, claiming that he could have dampened Jordanian public support for Iraq through better leadership. Hussein, Crown Prince of JordanPhotos: http://www.instagram.com/alhusseinjoMusic: http://www.bensound.com In her autobiography, Queen Noor states that Hashim was named after the clan of Hashim (Banu Hashim), a tribe to which the Islamic prophet Muhammadand King Hussein belong. [63] Hussein's popularity among Jordanians reached its zenith, and anti-Western demonstrations filled the streets. [10], The teenaged king inherited the throne not only of Jordan, but also of the West Bank, captured by Jordan during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and annexed in 1950. [60] The National Charter was drafted and ratified by parliament in 1991. [47] On 13 October Jordan joined the war and sent the 40th brigade to assist the Syrians in the Golan Heights. [54] Israeli politicians were stunned, thinking it was a political manoeuvre so that the Palestinians could show support for Hussein, but later realized that it represented a shift in Jordan's policy after Hussein asked his West Bank supporters not to issue petitions demanding that he relent. This is all there is to seek in this world. [70] Hussein called American President Clinton and requested his intervention, threatening to annul the treaty if Israel did not provide the antidote. [52] Around the same time, Hussein became troubled after he heard that Israel had been selling American weapons to Iran, thereby lengthening the conflict between Iraq and Iran, both supporters of the PLO. [55] Two days later a royal decree dissolved the House of Representatives, thereby removing West Bank representation in the Parliament. "[21] Although Faisal and Hussein enjoyed a very close relationship, Faisal's Iraqi entourage looked down on Jordan; Hussein attributed this attitude to Iraqi crown prince 'Abd al-Ilah's influence. [67] Jordan's relations with the United States greatly improved: $700 million worth of Jordan's debt was forgiven by the United States Congress, and Bill Clinton's administration authorized a substantial flow of aid to Jordan. [65] He called on extremists on both the right and left of the political spectrum to end their opposition to the peace negotiations, denounced what he saw as the Gulf countries' undemocratic nature, and called on Saddam to introduce democracy to Iraq. [57] Hussein relented to the demands by dismissing Al-Rifai, and appointed Zaid ibn Shaker to form a new government. [52] The meeting between Hafez Al-Assad and Saddam Hussein occurred at an airbase in Al-Jafr in the eastern Jordanian desert. [65] Hussein was referred to the Mayo Clinic in the United States after having urological problems; he had his left kidney removed after tests showed his ureter contained precancerous cells. [75] Samih Batikhi, the director of the General Intelligence Directorate (mukhabarat), visited Hussein during his stay at the Mayo Clinic to keep him updated. 8 February 1999", "DEATH OF A KING: THE AMERICANS; Clinton Lauds King Hussein As Man of Vision and Spirit", "Expansion of KHCC to put centre on regional map – director", "Blair joins leaders for Hussein funeral", "International sports community pays tribute to FEI Honorary President HRH Princess Haya", "HRH Princess Haya Biog - The Official Website of HRH Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein", "The Radio Society of Harrow - Dedication to JY1", "Crown Prince announces launch of first Jordanian mini satellite", "Defendant May Be Son of Hussein, Lawyer Says : Accused of Murdering Actress Mother in '86", https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf, "Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunnan suurristin ketjuineen ulkomaalaiset saajat", "Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana", http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/1965.pdf, "El rey Hussein de Jordania, premio Príncipe de Asturias de la Concordia", "Key Street in Astana Named After Late King Hussein", "Deputy Mayor of Amman welcomes a Chechen delegation to discuss strengthening of relations between Amman and Grozny", International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, American Foundation for AIDS Research (AMFAR), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, Spanish Organization for the Blind (ONCE), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hussein_of_Jordan&oldid=1014151873, Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Royal Air Force officers holding honorary commissions, Collars of the Order of Abdulaziz al Saud, Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John, Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, Honorary Recipients of the Order of the Crown of the Realm, Extraordinary Grades of the Order of Merit (Lebanon), Recipients of the Order of al-Hussein bin Ali, Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria, Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from November 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with failed verification from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TePapa identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Hussein bin Talal bin Abdullah bin Hussein, "He won the respect and admiration of the entire world and so did his beloved Jordan. "[71], Four days later, on 13 March, a Jordanian soldier patrolling the borders between Jordan and Israel in the north near the Island of Peace, killed seven Israeli schoolgirls and wounded six others. [2] Faisal was then King of Hashemite Iraq, but was under regency since he was the same age as Hussein. "[26] But critics considered the slogan mere lip service, saying Hussein showed little interest in the economic situation of the country, unlike the military and foreign relations aspects. "[70], On 27 September 1997 eight Mossad agents entered Jordan using fake Canadian passports and attempted to assassinate Jordanian citizen Khaled Mashal, head of the militant Islamist Palestinian group Hamas. "[70] Jordanian authorities requested Netanyahu to provide an antidote to save Mashal's life, but Netanyahu refused to do so. [65] At home, the Muslim Brotherhood considered Al-Masri and his government as too liberal, and the Brotherhood merged with independent Islamists and formed the Islamic Action Front (IAF), increasing its representation to 34 in the 80-member House of Representative, a force strong enough to bring down the royally appointed government with a motion of a vote of no confidence. [70] Jordan replied that the Geneva Conventions "do not apply to terrorists," and a special operations team headed by Hussein's son Abdullah was put in charge of the operation. [27] His secret rapprochement with Israel was followed by a public rapprochement with Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1964, which bolstered Hussein's popularity both in Jordan and in the Arab world. [65] Hussein agreed to an American request to join an international peace conference so that Jordan could start repairing its relationship with the United States, and end its political isolation. As a true advocate of STEM education... His Royal Highness the Crown Prince Al Hussein Bin Abdullah II continuously encourages young, curious minds to create and innovate. [23] American troops landed in both Lebanon and Jordan as a show of support for pro-Western regimes in the region against the Nasserist tide. [88] After renouncing ties to the West Bank in 1988, he remained committed to solving the conflict. [80] Hassan gracefully accepted the King's decision on television, and congratulated his nephew Abdullah on his designation as crown prince. Every aspect of life was interrelated and interlinked in some way or another. [84] Bill Clinton said about the funeral: "I don't think I have ever seen a greater outpouring of the world's appreciation and the world's love for a human being than I've seen today. [27] The PLO started to demand that the Jordanian government legalize their activities, including the setting up of Palestinian armed units to fight Israel; the requests were denied. [63] By 28 February 1991 the international coalition had successfully cleared Iraqi forces from Kuwait. [57] In May 1989, just before the elections, Hussein announced his intention to appoint a 60-person royal commission to draft a reformist document named the National Charter. The King renounced Jordan's ties to the West Bank in 1988 after the Palestine Liberation Organization was recognized internationally as the sole representative of the Palestinians. [70] He went on his knees in front of the families, telling them that the incident was "a crime that is a shame for all of us. Al Hussein Technical University is a higher education institution established to support Jordanian youth’s pursuit of vocational, technical and applied education. [67] Consequently, the IAF's seats decreased from 34 to 21 seats out of 80. [21] UAR-inspired conspiracies started to emerge against the Hashemite federation. If we look at water, it was a problem that both of us suffered from. [3] During one cold Ammani winter, his baby sister Princess Asma died from pneumonia, an indication of how poor his family was then – they could not afford heating in their house. – United States President, "He was an extraordinary and immensely charismatic persuader for peace. Prince Faisal bin Hussein (Arabic: فيصل بن حسين ‎; born 11 October 1963) is a son of King Hussein and Princess Muna, and the younger brother of King Abdullah II. [88] He was the region's longest reigning leader, even though he was subject to dozens of assassination attempts and plots to overthrow him. [50] The Accords formed the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel, and allowed the withdrawal of Israel from the Sinai. [67], On 4 November 1995 the Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by a Jewish extremist, who aimed to undermine Rabin's peace efforts with the Palestinians. [90] From the very start, Hussein concentrated on building an economic and industrial infrastructure to stimulate the economy and raise the standard of living. [45] The stalemate led to renewed fears of another war between Arab countries and Israel. [63] He finished his tour by flying directly to Baghdad to meet Saddam, where he warned: "Make a brave decision and withdraw your forces; if you don't, you will be forced out. [88] In 1980, an Israeli intelligence report described Hussein to be as "a man trapped on a bridge burning at both ends, with crocodiles in the river beneath him. [63] Saddam then announced that his invasion had become "irreversible," and on 8 August he annexed Kuwait. [10] He returned home to cheering crowds. However, Nabulsi then presented an expanded list, which Hussein refused to act upon. [45] The talks between Arab countries and Israel resulted in a deadlock. [10], The 1955 Baghdad Pact was a Western attempt to form a Middle Eastern alliance to counter Soviet influence and Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egypt. [66], Hussein could not participate in the details of the talks, a task he handed to his brother Hassan. [47] Subsequent peace talks with Israel collapsed; while Jordan wanted a complete Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank, Israel preferred to retain control but with Jordanian administration. [67] The latter system was introduced to limit the Islamist opposition's representation in the House of Representatives, by gerrymandering Palestinian majority areas and encouraging independents over partisan candidates. [76] Encouraged by his presence, the two leaders agreed to resolve their difficulties. We used to be told that girls could not perform activities that involve physical force,” they said, adding that martial arts have strengthened their self-esteem and discipline, Zeina Saqer, Siham Kiswani and Farah Odeh, A Dream, an ambition and hope that is coming to life….. thank you Your Royal Highness and may we always be moving forward to be what we ought to be; always in the lead, Mr. Khaled Zeidan, psychotherapist and field injuries specialist, An important and highly valued initiative as it is concerned with the lives and safety of our young athletes that are always aiming on raising Jordan’s flag at international championship. [53] Hussein described the summit as one of the best moments in his life. Published June 25th, 2019 - 12:08 GMT. [39] An agreement brokered by Egyptian President Nasser between Arafat and Hussein led to an end to the fighting on 27 September. and went below tree top level just skimming along on the ground. [88] The Kingdom had few natural resources, and a large Palestinian refugee population. [24] Al-Shar'a was tried and received the death penalty; Hussein reduced his sentence to life imprisonment. [39] It is believed that Israel had wanted to punish Jordan for its perceived support for the PLO. As he was flying his own plane over Syria, it was intercepted by two Syrian jets that attempted to attack. [54] It called for Jordan rather than the PLO to represent the Palestinians; however, when Schultz contacted Hussein about the plan, he reversed his position and told him it was a matter for the PLO to decide. [63] Hussein's position in the international community was severely affected, so severe that he privately discussed his intention to abdicate. [91] Whereas in 1950 water, sanitation, and electricity were available to only 10% of Jordanians, at the end of his rule these had reached 99% of the population. The Masar initiative aims to inspire and address our youth’s passion for innovation in space technology. Abdullah assigned Hussein a private tutor for extra Arabic lessons,[9] and Hussein acted as interpreter for his grandfather during his meetings with foreign leaders, as Abdullah understood English but could not speak it. GP - Anfragebeantwortung , p. 454, SENARAI PENUH PENERIMA DARJAH KEBESARAN, BINTANG DAN PINGAT PERSEKUTUAN TAHUN 1965, Hashemite custodianship of Muslim and Christian holy sites in Jerusalem, Jordanian disengagement from the West Bank, Unified National Leadership of the Uprising, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Leap of Faith: Memoirs of an Unexpected Life, The King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria, Royal Family Order of the Crown of Brunei, Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, 2500th Anniversary of the founding of the Persian Empire, Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, "Death of a King; Cautious King Took Risks in Straddling Two Worlds", "Kingdom remembers Sharif Hussein Bin Ali", "1967 war: Six days that changed the Middle East", "GUERRILLAS BACK AT JORDAN CAMP; Attack by Israelis Failed to Destroy Base at Karameh or Wipe Out Commandos", "Jordan Drops $1.3 Billion Plan For West Bank Development", "Hussein surrenders claims on West Bank to the PLO, U.S. peace plan in jeopardy", "Hussein Goes on TV And Vows an Election", "In Their Own Words: The Views of Hussein and Netanyahu", "With condolence visit to Israel, King Hussein spurs talks", "King Hussein Gives His Foe Ride From Jail", "King Hussein Returns to U.S. With Possible Cancer Relapse", "Analyzing King Abdullah's Change in the Line of Succession", "King to address Jordanians tonight ahead of Tuesday return", "Hussein's cancer relapse prompts 10 more days of chemotherapy", "Jordan's Hussein Laid to Rest as World Leaders Mourn", "U.N. "[90], During his 46-year-reign, Hussein, who was seen as a charismatic, courageous, and humble leader, became widely known among Jordanians as the "builder king. [14] The King had requested Nabulsi, as prime minister, to crack down on the Communist Party and the media it controlled. Born in Amman on June 28, 1994, His Royal Highness the Crown Prince was named in honor of his grandfather; His Late Majesty King Hussein bin Talal, the founder of modern Jordan. [51] The PLO was to be expelled from Lebanon, and Ariel Sharon, the Israeli Defense minister, suggested they be moved to Jordan where the monarchy would be toppled and Jordan would serve as an "alternative Palestinian homeland. [10] Upon assuming the throne, he appointed Fawzi Mulki as prime minister. At the time of Hussein's accession in 1953, Jordan was a young nation and controlled the West Bank. Atef Rweidan, Al Hussein Youth City General Manager, The acquisition of self-defense techniques was their favorite achievement. [20] The alleged conspirators were sentenced to 15 years in absentia, but later on were pardoned by Hussein in 1964 as part of his reconciliation efforts with his exiled opposition, and were entrusted with senior positions in the government. [88] His 58 secret meetings held with Israeli representatives since 1963 culminated in the signing of the Israel–Jordan peace treaty in 1994, which he considered to be his "crowning achievement. [65] Along with solving the Palestinian problem, Jordan sought to safeguard its interests in relation to security, the economy, water, and the environment. [65] The Bush administration were still angry at Hussein for the Gulf War events but realized they needed Jordan's participation in any peace process. [57], A UN-brokered ceasefire became active in July 1988, ending the Iran-Iraq war. [23] Hussein outmaneuvered the Syrians and survived the assassination attempt, landing safely in Amman, where he received a hero's welcome – his popularity in Jordan skyrocketed overnight. The Parliament forced Talal to abdicate a year later due to his illness, and a regency council was appointed until Hussein came of age. [9] On 20 July 1951 15-year-old Prince Hussein traveled to Jerusalem to perform Friday prayers at the Al-Aqsa Mosque with his grandfather. [82] Hussein arrived at the King Hussein Medical Center in Amman where it was raining heavily, yet thousands flocked from all over Jordan and gathered at the main entrance. [46] Sadat disclosed to Assad and Hussein his intention to initiate military action. [50], When the PLO moved to Lebanon from Jordan after 1970, repeated attacks and counter-attacks occurred in southern Lebanon between the PLO and Israel. [57] Parliamentary elections were held on 8 November 1989, the first in 22 years. [10] Curfews imposed by the Arab Legion did little to alleviate the situation and tensions persisted throughout 1955. [14] Hussein called this a "liberal experiment," to see how Jordanians would "react to responsibility. Hussein was born in Amman on 14 November 1935 to Crown Prince Talal and Princess Zein Al-Sharaf. [47] Between 10 September and 6 October, Hussein secretly met with Israeli prime minister Golda Meir in Tel Aviv on 25 September. [2] A Palestinian assassin opened fire on Abdullah and his grandson, amid rumors that the King had been planning to sign a peace treaty with the newly established state of Israel. [102] The King was also a fan of race-car driving, water sports, skiing, and tennis. [70], Mounting opposition in Jordan to the peace treaty with Israel led Hussein to put greater restrictions on freedom of speech. [102] In a 1999 interview Henry Kissinger described being flown by Hussein, saying that "...he was a daring pilot, and he would be zooming along at treetop level, and my wife, in order to be politely insistent would say, 'You know I didn't know helicopters could fly so low.'