The Inditex Group has over 92,000 employees. The brand placement manager of Zara is a genius. ‘Me ne frego’ was the title of one of the most famous songs of the Fascist era. He tweets as @gtiso. Trust the left to miss a gift in the name of an opportunity to moralise. “The padrone of Steubenville, the man who oversaw it all, the one to whom the Irish and the Jews and the rest paid tribute, was James Vincent Tripodi, whom no one ever described as a gentleman. All one can do for the moment is to use the word with a certain amount of circumspection and not, as is usually done, degrade it to the level of a swearword. So put my tape back on the rack At the time of this occupation, former arditi also formed the backbone of the original Black Squads during the terror campaigns that began in 1919 and culminated with the ‘March on Rome’ of 1922, which completed Fascism’s swift rise to power. Back to Zara, who else in the world or in the public eye wears this brand? I just don’t give a fuck Ah yes, Fascism Inc. As propelled by the Dolchstoßlegende. Thank you for the history lesson. • … It’s also worth noting that Melania grew up in Slovenia, surrounded by monuments to the fight against fascism, and speaks Italian. And because the attempts in Italy and beyond to stem the spread of such signifiers have been comprehensively abandoned, we readily find those words appearing not just on seemingly ubiquitous Fascist-era memorabilia but also on posters. My Father and the King, new and uncollected stories. ’Cause you gon’ get stuck, stoned, and snuffed Just as Italy broke with its former allies and charted a stubborn path towards the ruin and devastation of the Second World War, so too the Fascist citizen was encouraged to reject the judgement of others and look straight ahead. “Je nomme je m’enfoutisme l’état d’une vie où chacun garde ses propres conditions, en sachant toutefois respecter les autres individualités, sinon se défendre, le two-step devenant hymne national, magasin de bric-à-brac, T.S.F. It uses solar panels and wind turbines in the headquarters in La Coruna. The Inditex Group owns several renowned brands besides Zara. The connotations of altruism at the end of the quote are in direct contrast with the meaning taken on by the word menefreghismo (literally, ‘Idontcareism’), which ever since the regime has meant in common parlance a kind of detached self-reliance, or moral autocracy. “All I know“ è una canzone con influenze funk, un groove allegro, un coro di bambini, accompagnato dalla voce soul del cantante francese Octave Lissner. For the record I CARE. How would any one of us deal with the negativity directed toward us? It is no surprise that Zara, which started off as a small store in Spain is now the world’s largest retailer and its founder, Amancio Ortega, the 4th richest man in the world. I’m as dismayed as you are. Is this meme misleading and designed to further warp people’s perception of what is? …                                      For our sacred freedom! avanti savoia t-shirts. Trust the far right to miss the blatantly obvious insult to American values of morality, decency and fighting for those who cannot fight for themselves. We see her stunning fashion sense yet, not a compliment, only insults. 1) the “discussions” about the words on Melania jacket had to do with a “i don’t really care” about what’s happening in those detentions facilities and so on right??! Or by Zara? 19. How incredible is she? The arditi were disbanded after the war, but many of them volunteered in 1919 for an expedition led by the poet Gabriele D’Annunzio to capture the city of Fiume (Rijeka, in present-day Croatia) and claim it for Italy during the vacuum created by the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian empire. The seller calls it ‘bellissimo’. “Me ne frego” — which translates to “I don’t care” or “I don’t give a fuck” — was adopted by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini as a slogan. Which, at the very least, seems a troubling coincidence. He shared many traits with these men, traits born of the old ways: the taciturn harboring close to the heart of any thought or feeling that ran too deeply; that emotional distance, that wall of lontananza between the self and the world; a natural, unarticulated belief in the supreme inviolability of the old ways themselves; a devout sense of Catholicism, based upon the power of its rituals and predicated on God’s special forgiveness for the sins of those whose faith was founded in the ancient, sacred grain of the old ways’ moralita. Is this propaganda or brand placement? angelo santolin stickers. — Arcadia, 1993, Act One, Scene Four. All Product Tags. https://overland.org.au/2017/12/the-violence-of-speech/, South Africa: where ‘Australia’ is code for racist. You reckon that today’s Trumpkins are fascists? Ардіті (італ. Your work sounds absolutely fascinating and I would like to read more. Report Save. It has been suggested that Melania Trump's "I really don't care" jacket is a reference to the phrase "Me ne frego," used by Italian fascists in the 20th century.. Me ne frego di morire per la santa libertà – мені плювати, якщо доведеться померти за святу свободу. During WWI, not only was Italy NOT fascist, it was an ally of the US, Britain, and France. It’s a new Italian lifestyle. …. I would say there’s a pretty clear difference between colloquially not caring about something as a very human and emotional response to various pressures and stresses – be it the effects of one’s choices or indifference toward others’ problems – and codifying it alongside clear Fascist symbolism as demonstrated in the blogger’s post. It’s actually quite easy for a brilliant person with a wicked sense of humor to trigger these talking heads. Thanks! 2) Tee “mene frego!” the 30s fascists has exaclty the OPPOSITE meaning. savoia t-shirts. It would be nearly impossible to resist messing with the media at this point in her journey. Ignorance as political doctrine … chillingly familiar. Tripodi Restaurant on North Sixth Street, the beer distributorship that had grown out of a Prohibition monopoly. We’ll bury him this week—[that motherfucking prick/his mom can suck my dick].”), On the other hand, high marks for good breeding accrue among the English upper classes with credit for one’s unconcern. And given that Melania grew up so close to Italy (Slovenia is directly to its east), I wonder if she does not know some of this history? Locals applauded them. It was part of a religion, and there were many rituals associated with the training, preparation, and execution of this suicide act. Canzone: Fascisti su Marte ... 3. But see me on the street and duck angelo santolin t-shirts. But he neither sought nor cultivated their company, desiring no such shadow other than his own in the garden he held as his sacrosanct domain. The seller calls it ‘bellissimo’. I will follow the leader and scarfice myself to death for the cause. “Tripodi was the first of many such characters whom Dino would encounter in his life: men — America called them the Mafia — who sought to wet their beaks (fari vagnari u pizzu, as the Sicilians said) in the lifeblood of every man’s good fortune. You get high marks here for good breeding. What brilliant woman could resist? However, the origin of the phrase was not related to fascism, and it was never simply “I don’t care.” BTW, the designer of this piece, Zara, has created controversy with such “fascist” sentiments as a T-shirt that asked “Are You Gluten Free?” which was allegedly offensive to those with celiac disease. Peter Skalar) and the Black Hand are other examples of deep rooted fascist sympathies in her homeland. I don't really speak Italian, so I didn't realize this right away, but "Me Ne Frego," or "I don't really care," was the slogan of the World War I Arditi, the Italian stormtroopers. Sekä … Find me where the wild things are Siamo schiavi che gridano ad un padrone che è sordo Perché se il conto non torna c'è sempre un tornaconto E ci trasformano in servi senza renderci conto Siamo costretti a viaggiare con le catene a bordo Una generazione fondata sul Me ne frego Tra la falsa applicazione di chi si frega le mani Achille Lauro canta sul palco dell'Ariston il brano 'Me ne frego' in gara al Festival di Sanremo 2020 . The slogan came from a poem by Gabriele D’Annunzio, about the arditi , World War I soldiers who volunteered to fight. A cold comfort wraps around me. Could it be that this meme was actually created by some competitor in the fashion industry? That said, I think it has little to do with Melania. La rivendicazione degli Arditi. Me Ne Frego (“I don’t give a damn”) was a motto used by Italian Arditi storm troops during the First World War and later by fascist blackshirts. She is complicit. Hundreds of millions of men and women around the world. Me Ne Frego (“I don’t give a damn”) was a motto used by Italian Arditi storm troops during the First World War and later by fascist blackshirts. “La simplicité active.”, As you rightly note, General Gabriele D’Annunzio, Prince of Montenevoso, Duke of Gallese OMS CMG MVM, subsequently employed Zaninelli’s response to Freguglia to designate the principle of menefreghismo, not giving a fuck in the face of life’s deadliest challenges. Valentine: […] You’ve never asked about him. Hai un nuovo significato per Achille Lauro di Me Ne Frego? It is emblazoned with the words ‘Me ne frego’ underneath the original symbol of the arditi and the acronym FERT (which stands for the motto of the Royal Family). san donà di piave stickers. Four years ago, speaking at a First World War commemoration in the small town of Redipuglia, Pope Francis linked ‘me ne frego’ not only with the carnage of that conflict, but also with the horrors of Fascism, recognising its ideological and propaganda value for Mussolini’s project. Notably, the French cognate counterpart of Zaninelli’s motto was coined three months earlier by Tristan Tzara in his Manifeste Dada, published on 23 March 1918: Condividi. Think about it, nothing by the MSM is ever positive about Melania. Good quality material that needs no ironing. What if…the words on this jacket are simply a message Melania is sending directly to the minority – the haters, the loud and vile haters who find themselves in the minority? Thus Shirley MacLaine in My Lucky Stars: A Hollywood Memoir, 1995: Wow, that is so interesting and useful in understanding the roots of some of the current thinking – thank you! Don’t care was hung Arditi «відважні, сміливці») – штурмові підрозділи в італійській армії, що з’явилися під час Першої світової війни. maserada sul piave t-shirts. Gli autori del testo di Me Ne Frego sono L. De Marinis, D. … Excellent article. Arditi Skull T-Shirt Man -ᛏ WARTSHIRT. san donà di piave t-shirts. Never a word of encouragement or props regarding her journey to get where she is in life. May be of interest to me only, but come to think of it, it crossed my mind while washing dirty dishes that my father’s standard response to any kid who came back with an ‘I don’t care!’ being this rhyme: Don’t care was made to care Scalia said of Bush v. Gore, “Get over it.” I had a Republican relative who would say,”I could care less,” which seemed like an odd locution, putting aside the sentiment itself. View Entire Discussion (2 Comments) More posts from the AskHistorians community. On top of that, Yugoslavians of her generation were trained to read and critically understand symbolism at a much higher level than we’re used to in English-speaking countries. She isn’t cruel or hateful or loud yet her critics, are so cruel and so purposefully hateful. Your account hardly spans the entire spectrum. savoia stickers. Zaninelli replied in salty Roman vernacular: “Signor comandante, io me ne frego, si fa ciò che si ha da fare per il re e per la patria” — “Signor Commander, I don’t give a fuck, you do what you have to do for the king and for the country.” Thereupon Captain Piero Zaninelli put on his dress uniform and went to meet his death, thus giving his name to Casa Bianca, ever since called Casa Zaninelli in his honor. Zara is an integral part of the Inditex Group and Ortega, the owner, founder, entrepreneur, is a 59.29 percent shareholder of the Group. "me ne frego" was a fascist motto, used since the early days of the Italian fascist organization by its members, who were then engaging in a number of violent actions against political targets (such as socialist trade unions members). It is so simple to launch the haters into the strat. Fascinating. A common everyday man doesn’t carve medals or create intricate rituals about reaching the temporary zenith of their personal capacity. It is very comfortable and great for the holidays. Great read. It was at this time that the phrase ‘me ne frego’ – which at the time was still considered quite vulgar, along the lines of the English ‘I don’t give a fuck’ – was sung by members of the special force known as arditi (literally: ‘the daring ones’) who volunteered for the front, to signify that they didn’t care if they should lose their lives. Go run and tell your friends my shit is wack ‘So the useless words could fall down the plug hole!’. It is very comfortable and great for the holidays. Actually, Melania, as a woman, is the epitome of everything women around the world can respect and aspire to emulate. Zara is also known to be one of the few clothing brands that produces 100 % toxic-free clothing, but not until after the uproar that was caused on how it was using the cancer-inducing azo dyes in its clothing. No longer. ‘Me ne frego’ was the perfect slogan for the people in charge of overseeing such a program. But even for those who aren’t, claims to indifference have a history which we mustn’t allow ourselves to forget. Lauro è già salito sul palco dell’Ariston nel 2019 con il brano Roll Royce. Terrific research. • Medium weight sturdy fabric, weight 50/50 cotton/polyester • Reduced pilling and softer air-jet spun yarn • 1×1 athletic rib knit collar, cuffs and waistband, with spandex • Double-needle stitched collar, shoulders, armholes, cuffs and waistband. Me ne frego della mia reputazione Vivi nel passato, è una nuova generazione Una ragazza può fare quello vuole e cosa ho intenzione di fare [Coro] E me ne frego della mia cattiva reputazione Oh no Non me [Strofa 2] E me ne frego della mia cattiva reputazione Non ho mai detto di volere migliorare la mia condizione e faccio bene quando mi diverto Communism defeated fascism, and that is what made communism great. we shall not get one—not yet, anyway. Start your research at Slovensko domobranstvo/Slovene Home Guard and go from there. To which my father replied (after his usual laconic fashion): The contexts for the jacket and italian fascism don’t even slightly figure. I think it’s safe to say this was no naive faux pas. Alas! Possibly, she simply doesn’t care what horrible, ridiculous next things the mind benders will say about her? Could it be that the “fact checker” has an agenda? Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana Spa It is emblazoned with the words ‘Me ne frego’ underneath the original symbol of the arditi and the acronym FERT (which stands for the motto of the Royal Family). It was at this time that the phrase ‘me ne frego’ – which at the time was still considered quite vulgar, along the lines of the English ‘I don’t give a fuck’ – was sung by members of the special force known as arditi (literally: ‘the daring ones’) who volunteered for the front, to signify that they didn’t care if they should lose their lives. An Italian hero, Fascists, Dean Martin, the Mafia. The message, who knows what it means to the designer? Someone is really reaching here. Likewise Édith Piaf. :o). The double standard of the MSM and their minions, toward Melania is blinding and vile. One year down what more can I bleed? Hanna’s snarky answer does not qualify in emphasis or in spirit. The article I linked includes an overview of the history of the term, but I'm curious what the view from historians (rather than a literary magazine) is on the topic. And she studied design and architecture at university before dropping out, so she certainly had that training. Dirty macking, telling your boys that I’m on crack Twitter. Likewise Nick Tosches in his account of insightful account of menefreghismo, appearing in Dino: Living High in the Dirty Business of Dreams, 1992: Having lived in Italy for a good number of years I would love to see another on the insidious rise of Casa Pound. Was this intentional? Is not a I dont care of the problems bla bla…The mening being: I dont give a damn about me myself my own little life. I’m very fortunate they made the decision to leave or I wouldn’t be here today. This sweatshirt will last for years. And also to show that the attitude, the theatrical ‘not caring’, was an explicit character trait of Fascism. It was not a matter of bravado. Ignorance as a political doctrine has a long history in the US. Likewise this proverbial Russian proto-rap: «Умер Максим—ну и хуй с ним; положили в гроб—мать его ёб.» (“We lost Maxim—well, fuck him. avanti savoia stickers. I don’t doubt that people close both to the Trump administration and this world are similarly cognisant of the uses to which those three words have been put. They would come to his daughter’s wedding and embrace him. She isn’t a perfect person but who is? (See, … more spin! ) ME NE FREGO WARTSHIRT Arditismo - Fiume o Morte - d'Annunzio - Arditi d'Italia - Me ne frego di morire - Dal nulla sorgemmo - Fiamme Nere - Prima Guerra Mondiale - WW1 - WK1 - Reparti d'Assalto Teschio e Pugnale - FNAI - Skull Dagger - war tshirt - wartshirt - war t-shirt - war tshirt - wartshirt - wart-shirt téléphone sans fil transmettant les fugues de Bach, réclames lumineuses et affichage pour les bordels, l’orgue diffusant des œillets pour Dieu, tout cela ensemble, et réellement, remplaçant la photographie et le catéchisme unilatéral. Fascists, my ass. —George Orwell, “What is Fascism?”, Tribune, 24 March 1944. Me ne frego, me ne frego, me ne frego è il nostro motto, me ne frego di morire per la santa libertà! 12-02-2016, 08 ... me ne frego'' meaning '' Russia, shitty food, Martir life, i don care! This is how the Fascist welcomes and loves life, while rejecting and regarding suicide as an act of cowardice; this is how the Fascist understands life as duty, exaltation, conquest. Impressive, a hyper-verbose and fatuous expression of pure Whataboutism. It is, rather, to highlight some of the historical echoes of that phrase – ‘I don’t care’. The motto you are excoriating originated in a feat of Italian heroism. Isn’t that some kind of serious cultural aggression or massive insult or horribly offensive error? Who could blame her for having a little sport with the MSM? Well this is total-Trump-paranoia with compeltely no historical perspective wahtsoever of themenaing of mottoes If she really didn’t care, why did she bother going to visit the kids? The statement written on the jacket she wore purposefully nullifies or at least calls into serious doubt any true intent of compassion. To say why would take too long, but basically it is because it is impossible to define Fascism satisfactorily without making admissions which neither the Fascists themselves, nor the Conservatives, nor Socialists of any colour, are willing to make. Me ne frego is an interesting expression also from a historical point of view. One digression: I wonder if the cliched “forget-about-it” is some sort of corollary to “menefreghismo.”. At the outset of this battle, Commandante Luigi Freguglia ordered Captain Piero Zaninelli to lead his company uphill against an Austro-Hungarian machine gun emplacement at Casa Bianca. Fascism lay its roots in the campaign for Italy’s late entry in the First World War, of which Mussolini was one of the leaders. Here are some of the dug items that I have purchased from Russia. Today, Zara has close to 6500 stores across 88 countries around the world. That may be a much more interesting and revealing conversation. Freguglia added that it was a suicide mission, but one that had to be completed at any cost. Men who were inculcated with the belief that their life was best culminated in violent suicide for the advancement of the state against its foreign enemies, in service for a physical yet ostensibly divine emperor at the head of a ruthlessly top-down system. A life that must be lived highly and fully, both for oneself but especially for others, near and far, present and future. That particuar version was by Janet Frame, which makes you probably a New Zealander. The best we can do is wax prolix: “I just don’t give a fuck!” Thus Eminem in his 1998 debut single “Just Don’t Give a Fuck”: Zara, understanding the health risks associated with azo dyes, has successfully eliminated azo dye from the fabrics used in their designs… Thank you Zara! Thanks for that interesting history lesson, and thanks to Facebook for introducing me to your excellent website. maserada sul piave stickers. Pointing out meaningful historical references – even if the subject of the analysis isn’t aware of them – is not vacuous “moralizing”; not in this strange and tenuous age. That, and Eminem. giuseppe voltarel stickers. Me Ne Frego. saletto di piave stickers. I have heard it applied to farmers, shopkeepers, Social Credit, corporal punishment, fox-hunting, bull-fighting, the 1922 Committee, the 1941 Committee, Kipling, Gandhi, Chiang Kai-Shek, homosexuality, Priestley’s broadcasts, Youth Hostels, astrology, women, dogs and I do not know what else. The jacket may very well have been a coded, non-Fascist statement. Me ne frego                                                         I don’t care, me ne frego                                                         I don’t care, me ne frego è il nostro motto,                          I don’t care is our motto, me ne frego di morire                                       I don’t care if I should die, per la santa libertà! The Sanremo Music Festival 2020 (Italian: 70º Festival della Canzone Italiana di Sanremo 2020) was the 70th edition of the annual Sanremo Music Festival, a television song contest held in the Teatro Ariston of Sanremo and organised and broadcast by RAI.The show was held between 4 and 8 February 2020. By way of example, if you search for it online you’ll find a long-running English-language podcast called Me ne frego which recycles this imagery in support of arguments against immigration and multiculturalism, or to opine on the subject of ‘the Jewish question’. The Italians, I later learned, had a more apt word for it, menefreghista, which means ‘one who does not give a fuck.’ Dean Martin was basically a menefreghista.” In short, if she didn’t know better, it betrays what we know of her in the first place, and it magically can be used in the service of her malcontented cohorts as a winking policy nod. If you like this piece, or support Overland’s work in general, please subscribe or donate. Franc Frakelj (a.k.a. But if Melania is saluting faschism, she has lost every last shred of her South Slavic heritage. This is easily researched. saletto di piave t-shirts. Vai al titolo. The show was presented by Amadeus, who also served as the artistic director for the competition. Cosa significa questa canzone? Her heartfelt platform for children and not one positive word of thanks or agreement. or this line of stickers that can be purchased for $.193 from Redbubble (motto ‘awesome products designed by independent artists’), where it was uploaded by user ‘fashdivision’. Dada, grasshopper. Italialaisten I maailmansodan aikaisten Arditi-erikoisjoukkojen pääkallo-tunnus yhdistyy tässä tekstiin "Me ne frego", joka tarkoittaa "minä en välitä". Gli Arditi facevano parte di un’Arma di Fanteria del Regio Esercito durante la Prima Guerra Mondiale. Why, then, cannot we have a clear and generally accepted definition of it? Around 1855, a decade before the Civil War, the Native American Party — an anti-papist, anti-immigrant party — gained some political traction. But as has been demonstrated with no effort required, often on the part of T’s own administration, they are supremely out of touch with reality and seems to have an innate skill for showing or saying exactly the wrong things at exactly the (right?) Image: jacket Melania Trump wore to US detention camps. Melanie and Ivanka have the power to do plenty in service of the greater good as opposed to focusing on personal business deals with other countries or “being best”. Another way the author could have positioned the azo dye issue, Zara, the world’s largest retailer, forced a shift in the textile industry. That indefatigable proclivity does take on a rather morbidly peculiar patina when juxtaposed against what other commenters here have pointed out about Melania’s education and background. This is not a dogwhistle, it’s a bullhorn. the phrase should be “i couldn’t care less”, the other implies that one in fact, actually could care even less than one does. Its original version, dating around 1920, hails D’Annunzio and Mussolini as the fathers of the fascist movement, recycling the old war song of the arditi as the third stanza. It’s an education to fighting, and the acceptance of the risks it implies. Falla salire di classifica lasciando un commento o cliccando su Mi piace e su +1 qui sotto! She is managing this under the scorching manufactured distortions and biases, of the harshest critics, any modern day first lady has ever endured. It was a matter, rather, of menefreghismo. The proud Black-Shirt motto ‘I don’t care’ written on the bandages that cover a wound isn’t just an act of stoic philosophy or the summary of a political doctrine. Don’t care was put in gaol This sweatshirt will last for years. Millions? car stickers. In conversation, of course, it is used even more wildly than in print. Wait and see who arrives in their wake, in response to your posturing. The term originated with the “warrior-poet” Gabriele d’Annunzio and became popular among Italian soldiers in World War I. The arditi were disbanded after the war, ... ‘Me ne frego’ was the perfect slogan for the people in charge of overseeing such a program. It should be remembered in this regard that the regime treated ignorance and proclivity to violence as desirable qualities to be rewarded with positions of influence and power. Interesting, and I would find it convincing if the jacket were worn by one of the men surrounding Trump, like Miller, Bannon or Cohen. They called her Mae or Mabel, but her name was Amelia. Members burned out an emcampment of undocumented migrants near to my home over the alleged theft of patatine and bibite from a sport centre. By the 1990’s the store had expanded into the United States, France and most of the Europe. Deep down, that, as much as anything, was what he was, a menefreghista — one who simply did not give a fuck.”, For all its lexical wealth, English lacks pithy counterparts to the Italian “menefreghismo” and its opposite-but-equal French “je-m’en-foutisme”, let alone the nonpareil Russian “похуй”. But Fascism is also a political and economic system. He did not share that trait with them. Basically anything and everything she wears, does, is, is not…is presented as nefarious and wrong minded. Seems we need more plug holes today for right wing fascist dogma. He knew others of his kind, men in Cleveland, Detroit, New York. Very poor form making a loud statement of casual fecklessness while visiting 2,300 impoverished kids imprisoned by her husband’s racist immigration statements and policies “justified” by maligned biblical references. She knew exactly what she was doing. The designer, the company Zara, phenomenal. She is a Boss in her own right. Inviacelo! Best Regards, Arditi. She is highly accomplished and is blazing her own path. She was raised in a Slovenian town famous as a racist stronghold, went to University there, speaks Italian, and her father was facist. I’m looking for a jacket or a shirt that says “ I do care, do you? Arditi - me ne frego - Essential T-Shirt Designed and sold by ... me ne frego t-shirts. Nothing beyond superficial, cruel and absurd, mean girl headlines for Melania. I was not aware of all the details. I was wrong. He gave a fuck and was made sick by it. Goldstone è la storia di due produttori, compositori e video maker francesi che si sono uniti per creare un nuovo progetto. ‘Me ne frego’ was the title of one of the most famous songs of the Fascist era. They sent a picture of my proof book to me and I should receive it tomorrow or e Help ... here, but have been a lurker for years. Later versions removed mentions of D’Annunzio, who faded fairly quickly into the background. The Second Battle of the Piave River, eventually designated by the prevailing party as as “la battaglia del solstizio”, or the battle of the solstice, was fought between 15 and 23 June 1918, resulting in a decisive World War I victory of the Italian Army against the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and precipitating the dissolution of the latter. Slovenia and all of the former Yugoslav states sent troops to support Hitler and installed fascist governments before the end of the Second World War. It was adopted by the Arditi, a special élite force of the Italian army during the First World War, as one of their mottos; then by Decadent poet Gabriele d’Annunzio and the soldiers he led to Fiume and, finally, by Mussolini’s Camicie Nere during the Fascist era.